The Citadel of Saladin is one of the fascinating destinations to see in the city because of its crucial role, the stunning architectural overall, the chance to visit the mosque constructed of alabaster, and of course, the panoramic views. The Citadel was the nation’s capital and the royal palace for a major period of Egyptian history. From its massive height, the mediaeval Citadel of Saladin in Cairo offers views of Old Islamic Cairo and beyond. Informally known as the Cairo Citadel in everyday English, it was strategically situated on a peninsula beneath the Mokattam Mountain, making it difficult to conquer. When it was first constructed, it was regarded as the biggest and most ambitious military fortress.

To enable the defenders to direct flanking fire on possible climbers of the 10 m high and 3 m thick walls, circular towers were built jutting from the walls. It is a walled enclosure whose inner perimeter comprises the Mosques of Mohamed Ali, Suleyman Pasha, and Mohamed en-Nasir, in addition to the Military Museum, the Museum of Carriages, an outdoor museum, palaces, and a few wells. Cairo was never under siege as a result of (or possibly because of) its elaborate defence, and as a result, the Citadel has never been destroyed. The area where the Citadel is now located was originally known as the ‘Dome of the Wind’ because of its cool air rather than being a critical military base. The journey is made on foot through a picturesque walk that connects the lower terrace of the Citadel, which functioned as a bastion for the royal palace, with the higher terrace. The museums of this enormous structure demonstrate Egyptian hegemony during the Middle Ages and the Nineteenth Century. There are currently several mosques from the Ottoman era, in addition to military, police, and historical carriage museums. The building’s size and opulent design contrast sharply with its exterior when viewed from the inside. The grave of Mohamed Ali is located inside this exquisite temple with domes and minarets. On clear days, the view reaches the pyramids of Giza, Saqqara, and Abu Sir from the terrace outside, which is located behind the mosque. On the western wall of the Citadel, there is a relief of an Egyptian vulture that is noteworthy historically.

Even though it is now headless, it was once thought to represent a double-headed eagle, a frequent theme in modern Islamic art, including architecture and coins.